The Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake poses a significant threat, potentially causing catastrophic damage to Japan’s Pacific coastal regions. As of 2025, warning systems and disaster prevention measures continue to evolve, utilizing the latest technology and knowledge.
- Latest Warning Systems
- High-Precision Epicenter Estimation Using AI
- Utilization of High-Density Observation Networks
- Evolution of the PLUM Method
- International Initiatives
- UNESCO “Tsunami Ready” Program
- Results of International Cooperation
- Latest Research and Development
- Utilization of Satellite Positioning Systems
- Addressing Tsunamis Caused by Volcanoes and Landslides
- Evolution of Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Measures
- Individual Preparedness and Awareness
- Conclusion
Latest Warning Systems
High-Precision Epicenter Estimation Using AI
According to research published in January 2025, a new system using artificial intelligence (AI) can estimate the epicenter of Nankai Trough earthquakes more accurately and quickly. The margin of error, previously around 20 kilometers, has been reduced to just a few kilometers. This allows for more precise predictions of tsunami heights, arrival times, and areas expected to experience strong shaking, enabling appropriate evacuation measures.
Utilization of High-Density Observation Networks
Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, observation networks installed on the seafloor around Japan have improved, contributing to increased accuracy of warning systems. For example, seafloor observation networks such as S-net and DONET have reduced the time to issue warnings by up to 30 seconds.
Evolution of the PLUM Method
The PLUM (Propagation of Local Undamped Motion) method, introduced in 2018, has undergone further improvements. A research team from Tottori University has enabled more detailed and rapid evaluation of seismic intensity distribution by utilizing high-density seismometer networks maintained by local governments.
International Initiatives
UNESCO “Tsunami Ready” Program
The UNESCO-led “Tsunami Ready” program helps vulnerable communities and districts prepare for tsunami warnings through evacuation planning, drills, knowledge transfer, and school initiatives.
Results of International Cooperation
The Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) developed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) has been transferred to Indonesia and has been operating as InaTEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System) since 2011.
Latest Research and Development
Utilization of Satellite Positioning Systems
The EWRICA project (2020-2023) developed technology to integrate real-time data from high-precision satellite positioning systems (GNSS) into tsunami early warning systems. This allows for more accurate estimation of earthquake magnitude, depth, and rupture direction.
Addressing Tsunamis Caused by Volcanoes and Landslides
The TsunamiRisk project (2021-2024) focused on developing early warning systems for rare tsunamis caused by volcanoes and landslides. Remote sensing technology, volcanic seismic monitoring, and slope instability modeling play crucial roles.
Evolution of Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Measures
In addition to the latest warning systems, the following comprehensive measures are being implemented:
- Introduction of advanced seismic technology for buildings
- Optimization of evacuation routes using AI and big data
- Development of real-time updatable 3D tsunami hazard maps
- Construction of remote monitoring and control systems for lifeline facilities using IoT
- Automatic updating and optimization of Business Continuity Plans (BCP) using AI
Individual Preparedness and Awareness
Personal-level preparedness utilizing the latest technology is also important:
- Personalized evacuation instructions using smartphone apps
- Immersive disaster prevention training using VR/AR
- Safety confirmation systems linked with social media
- Health monitoring and evacuation support using wearable devices
Conclusion
As of 2025, preparation for the Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake has evolved into a comprehensive approach that combines cutting-edge technology, international cooperation, and increased individual awareness. The advancement of warning systems using AI, high-density observation networks, and satellite technology enables more accurate and rapid information provision. Simultaneously, the use of technology and increased awareness at the individual level lead to more effective evacuation actions.
These advancements are helping us build a more resilient society against the Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake. However, it is important to balance technological reliance with human elements such as community cohesion and individual disaster awareness. Through continuous education, training, and appropriate use of the latest technology, we can minimize the damage from the Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake and protect many lives.
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